CORBETT TIGER RESERVE
Just less than 300 km to the
northeast of Delhi cradled in the foothills of the Himalayas lies Corbett
National Park, India's first National Park and an area where Project Tiger
was launched in 1973. The total area is 1,134 sq. kms. with a core area
of 338 sq. kms. 92 tigers are said to live within this area and since 1979
the population seems to have reached its holding capacity. In 1976 the
tigers were estimated at 44. This realistic figure rapidly doubled over
6 years but errors in the census were pointed out and wise counsel prevailed
so that tigers were not just on paper. This is a special kingdom of the
tiger named after Jim Corbett whose writings on this area fascinated people
all over the planet.
Corbett Tiger Reserve has
many species of cats like leopard, leopard cat jungle cat, fishing cat.
The Himalayan Palm civet, the common civet are also found but recently
the discovery of the spotted Linsang or Tiger civet has been quite unique.
The Ramganga river flows through this tiger reserve creating breathtaking
landscapes. The waters abound with crocodiles and gavials.
The Ramganga Irrigation Project
at Katagarh Poses problems for the Park and must be reviewed urgently so
that the land and the buildings come back to Project Tiger with a reduction
Of staff employed since at the moment 8,000 people are working here. Already
an area of 26,800 ha. comprising the reservoir is lost as well as the dam
site of 11,500 ha.
On the South Western boundary
there is considerable biotic pressure on the reserve, due to grazing and
the collection of M.F.P. Some areas on the northern side have recently
been included into the buffer and as villages are keen to be relocated,
this process should happen without delay.
The management of tourists
inside the Park needs much more effort. Norms for V.I.P. visits must be
created. Buffer zone management needs to be developed as in comparison
the core is much better protected and managed. The leasing of forest areas
to individuals must be stopped, budgets must be
adequate and released on
time, personnel are inade- quate, no training programmes are available
and the welfare of the personnel must be a vital activity. Hashish gathering
from the Canabis plant which is found in abundance in the Park poses a
great threat and is a disturbance to the tiger. Steps are being taken to
reduce this menace.
In 1990 a poaching gang was
caught in the core area with two leopard skins. In 1993 another poaching
gang was raided and skins recovered. A serious threat by ivory poachers
exists on the western side of the reserve and over the years a large ammount
of tuskers have been shot and their tusks removed. Complacency towards
poaching must end, as it can be a direct threat on species survival.
There have been a number
of incidents where extremists have on the southern periphery used forest
rest houses after threatening the staff. It is also reported that under
their protection the local mafia involved in the felling of trees has a
free hand in Terai west division. Officers and staff of the Park
have received threats. In
June 1992 the Park was totally deserted because of this. Such a situation
has a demoralising effect on the staff who can scarcely be expected to
perform their duties effectively - it is to their credit that today they
are able to shoulder their responsibilities with courage. Recently
unauthorised helicopter
flights has added another burden not only to Park management in Corbett,
but to wildlife management in India.
As Brijendera Singh, Member
Steering Committee, Project Tiger states. "-The Corbett Tiger Reserve is
a very viable and integrated tiger habitat and has by and large been traditionally
secure and well managed. The tiger will survive in this last bastion provided
we are able to give it total protection. This involves consolidating the
buffer zones and finding ways and means of solving the administrative and
law and order problems high- lighted above." |